The Problem of Cyberbullying - Free Essay Example

Cyberbullying began with the onset of availability of technology and social media websites. According to Kids Health, â€Å"Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person† (â€Å"Cyberbullying†). This can encompass anything from sending mean or derogatory text messages repeatedly, to posting untrue or hurtful posts on social platforms. Some common social platforms that can be used to execute these appalling acts are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc. Cyberbullies are typically drawn to these types of sites in effort to gain an audience and to further embarrass their victim. Sometimes others will join the cyberbully in the harassment and bullying, almost exuding to a pack mentality. Although these sites try and work to stop these types of incidents, it is extremely difficult to halt them due to the reluctance of the victim to report and the anonymity that the internet allows. The anonymity and readily availability of the internet is part of the enticing aspects that attract bullies to taking their harassment online. It is extremely difficult to try and find out who the perpetrator(s) are due to individuals being able to create fake profiles and screen names. Cyberbullying is a growing concern, especially amongst pre-adolescences and teens. This age group is typically the prime participants in committing acts of cyberbullying, as well as being the primary victims. During this stage of life, many teens are trying to find their own identity, facing peer-pressures such as being popular and accepted, as well as experiencing a little more freedom and independence than they are used to, while trying to push boundaries. Many cyberbullies typically prey upon individuals that they perceive as weak, in effort to make themselves appear strong and cool. They also choose individuals that they feel will not tell about the harassment or will not stand-up for their selves. â€Å"Although males participate in cyberbullying, females are usually the main offenders and victims† (â€Å"CyberBullying†). According to Kids Health, â€Å"This could be attributed to the fact that most males use confrontation in the form of insults and threats, where as females use passive aggressive actions such as spreading hurtful/harmful lies and gossip† (â€Å"CyberBullying†). None the less, the impact of cyberbullying, whether from males or females, can be very detrimental. Seemingly, many people believe that bullying, whether in person or online, has little to no effect. However, this is far from the truth. Mental, emotional, and psychological health issues can arise due to this type of harassment. Many individuals develop anxiety, depression, and lower self-confidence, which could lead to suicidal thoughts/actions. A recent study conducted by the National Institute of Health showed that â€Å"victims of cyberbullying have shown to exhibit greater levels of depression than victims of traditional bullying† (â€Å"Depression High†). Depression can affect individuals in different ways such as, loss of previous interests, detachment from friends and family, lower grades, changes in moods, etc. However, depression is often associated with suicidal thoughts.

Entertainment in the Gilded Age - 1450 Words

In the late 1800s, American society began to burst with cultural activity. After the Civil War and the Reconstruction, Americans were eager to return to their normal lifestyles. The period that followed, however, was quite different from what the country was used to. During the war, many pushed hard for a rise in industry, leading to an explosive industrial revolution far beyond what people had expected. Americas business and economy had boomed, and, as the new century approached, many had a new outlook on life. They were eager to escape the dull regiments of both the past Victorian era and the new urban lifestyle. This was easy for the upper and middle classes, both of which were growing due to the rapid increase in industry. It†¦show more content†¦Edison then helped to create a short monopoly in America with the Motion Picture Patents Company. The film industry thrived because of its efficiency--people paid low prices to watch movies, but they brought big business because of their sheer number.4 As Americans watched silent movies, sound-based entertainment also grew. New forms of music such as ragtime and the cakewalk were all the rage, and some people, such as Rudolph Wulitzer, knew how to take advantage of Americas new taste for music. Wulitzer was a German immigrant who found moderate success in importing musical instruments from his home country. In the 1890s, however, he changed his focus to musical machines. He invented the first coin-operated electric organ, and soon after, self-playing harps and pianos. He sold them to hotels and restaurants that could not afford live musicians and he made quite a lot of money. When he turned his company over to his sons, they developed a pipe organ that filled movie theaters with sound. They would later develop the jukebox and make a fortune in the 1930s, after the Gilded Age was over. But it was during this era that the Wurlitzer Company got its start.5 Although music, movies and shows were very prominent and quite marketable, some Americans had a taste for more adventurous recreation. With the higher incomes and affordable transportation of the Gilded Age, men and women flocked to amusementShow MoreRelatedReconstruction Of The Civil War1365 Words   |  6 Pagesto keep this going so when slavery was abolished, this frustrated and angered them. These states had left the Union. This led to the American Civil War between the North and South. The Gilded Age was one of the most dynamic periods in the history of America. Mark Twain gave this time period the name Gilded Age. It was during the late 19th century and our country was corrupt underneath. Southern states established laws that deprived African Americans. Laws were passed that would require votersRead MoreGilded Age DBQ901 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ â€Å"The politics of the Gilded Age failed to deal with the critical social and economic issues of the times.† Assess the validity of this statement. Use both the documents and your knowledge of the United States from 1865 to 1900. Whether or not the politics of the Gilded Age failed in dealing with social and economic issues has long been debated by historians. Peeling away streaks of gold plastered on the deficiencies of the time, the cause of such problems can be unveiled. In finding a blame forRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller : The Gilded Age Of The Gilded Age741 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing years of reconstruction, the U.S. entered a new age. For this new age, Mark Twain named it after the â€Å"glittering† surface of the time that covered vast corruption underneath. The late 19th century would be called the Gilded Age (Houston). From this Gilded Age, a powerful businessman emerged. John D. 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How Transformational Change The Common Ideologies And...

transformative change in the common ideologies and understanding of society as well as the natural world. Through new developments in fields like astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology, new discoveries and ideas fundamentally changed how ordinary people perceived and interpreted the world around them through a non-religious perspective. With this newfound knowledge, fields of modern science and mathematics were established through which questions about the natural world were answered through observations that were concrete, quantified, and unaltered by opinion. In doing so, these newfound ideas and discoveries challenged the Catholic Church’s power to dictate knowledge to people of all standing in society through the Church and the Bible’s perspective. Scholars like Galileo and Francis Bacon revolutionized how knowledge was gained by approaches such as the Scientific Method; this new problem solving process involved one observing and questioning using reasoning to gain new knowledge instead of blindly taking in information as given by the Church. Innovations like Galileo’s work, the use of mathematics, and Bacon’s Scientific Method gave rise to modern science, a secular way of understanding society as well as the natural world. As a result, an intellectual revolution began in the West during the Early Modern period as people pursued an understanding of society and the world independent of the Church’s authority. model ofShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Book Fareed Zakaria 1563 Words   |  7 Pagesdemocratic. 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Encyclopaedia of Human Resource Management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Encyclopaedia of Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction Recruitment and selection are two of the most important HR activities that a manager of a business organisation need to undertake. This is done in order to ensure that an organisation is not short of staffs and that talented individual is present in the organisation (Newell, 2015). The report provides an overview of the recruitment and selection strategies that are adapted for a company located in Hobart. The position taken into consideration is a store manager. The outline of the job position is provided and the strategies employed to attract the selected candidates are provided. For the purpose of the report, OZStyle4U has been considered. The business strategy link of OZStyle4U is analysed that includes organisational goals and the benefits of hiring suitable candidates for the new store in Hobart. Pre-recruitment It has been seen that following a differentiation strategy can help an organisation to gain a competitive advantage. Rees Rumbles (2010) is of the opinion that firms taking a different approach to management need to exercise a unique differentiation strategy. This prevents competitors to imitate the products of the company. It is also needed that every organisation implements a growth strategy that can help in implementing a strategic business plan. Parrotta, Pozzoli Pytlikova (2014) stated that a proper growth strategy could help in the increase of sales of a firm. This is because the economies of scale can be reached and proper maintenance of finance can be achieved. It has been seen that OZStyle4U has implemented both the growth as well as the differentiation strategy. It has been seen that companies that employ both the strategies have an opportunity to establish itself in the market. This is because pursuing a differentiation strategy helps in creating unique products that may be difficult for its competitors. The designing of the clothing material of OZStyle4U need to be such that it is different from the existing brands in Hobart. Apart from this the differentiation strategy allows employees to display the creativity that they possess. This can be considered as a huge motivational factor for the employees working in OZStyle4U as the employees can use their talents in producing good products (Searle, 2016). Thus, it can be said that the growth of OZStyle4U is evident with the application of both the strategies and it can help in the successful expansion of the business in the organisation. Business strategy Priority (P = primary; S = secondary; NA = not applicable) General staffing implications Cost leadership S Flexible Differentiation (quality) P Core Growth P Core Specialisation S Reactive Table 1:Business strategy for OZStyle4U (Source: Created by author) Job requirements matrix for HR Manager In order to recruit for the position of HR manager in Hobart, the organisation has divided the job specification into three specific duties. Each of the allocated tasks has its importance in the overall performance of the organisation. Costen (2012) stated that since the customer satisfaction and development of staffs are important, managers are expected to recruit people based on Customer Service and Staff Supervision Management. Financial manager role is also importantin order to meet the objectives set for finances. As per the job matrix table provided, it is seen that the person specifications provides a clear outline of the skills required for succeeding in the business of OZStyle4U. The importance is rated between 1-10, with 10 being the most important. Apart from this, the essential components are rated as E. Hence, it can be said that aligning with position objectives the employees need to have knowledge about financial operations. The job requirement matrix indicates the growth target of OZStyle4. The company aims to expand its market within 2020, by establishing 12 more stores in Australia. The importance of the job requirement matrix is that it helps in attracting the required talents needed for the fulfilment of goals (Club, 2014). The positive factor of the company is that it holds a good reputation for being excellent in serving customers. Hence, the requirements of the individuals need to be such that it sustains the image of the company. The task and the importance of the specific duty are stated in the matrix, which acts as potential targets for the employees. Job specification Person specification Duty Tasks Importance of duty (%) Time spent on duty (%) KSAO/Competency Importance of KSAO/Competency to performance (1 = Low, 10 = High; E = essential, D = Desirable) Manage the store operations in order to fulfil the organisational goals Manage the financial activities and the sales performance of the organisation 40% 33% 1. Knowledge related to finances. 2. Ability to understand the methods required for selling products 3. Manage the storehouse 7E Maintain proper relationship with customers Analyse customer feedback forms and prepare proper responses to the customers 30% 21% 1. Good communication skill 2. Ability to understand statistical data analysis 3. Good research techniques 8E Table 2: Job requirement matrix (Source: Created by author) Employment Value Proposition (EVP) El-sakka (2016) stated that one of the ways to attract talented employees in an organisation is to provide opportunities for facing challenges and using their skills. In this regard, it can be said that the Employment Value Proposition (EMP) of OZStyle4U is such that it helps employees get proper encouragement to gain a competitive advantage in the market. It has been reported that the average pay earned by a retail manager in Hobart is about $50,000. However, this does not include the bonus and interests are not paid to employees with experience. OZStyle4U is one of the most innovative brands in Hobart and as a result, it attracts highly skilled employees. Hence, it is expected that the company will pay its workers more than the average cost. According to Coller, Cordero and Echavarren (2017) benefits that not mandatory have a great impact on the ability and the retention of the employees. Hence, OZStye4U provides intrinsic benefits to the people. Not only the benefits has the company also provided a stable working environment with allowance for clothing. The company also provides a place for recreation to the employees. Recreational rooms such as cafeteria or music room help employees to relax after an intense day at work. Another advantage of the company is that it provides employees with an opportunity to take paid leave and have extra allowances for a whole week. The National Employment Standards is followed in order to ensure that a proper balance is maintained between work and personal life. Item Focus Type Organisation contribution Employee contribution To which applicants might it appeal Average salary Job-related Extrinsic $80,000 A worker has to work for 40 hours per week. Employees seeking long-term employment Clothing allowance Job related/ Person related Extrinsic $3000 a month Can wear non-formal clothes provided it is presented well Applicants concerned about self-presentation Recreational rooms Person-related Intrinsic Less stressful working environment Maintain proper ambience by avoiding playing loud music Every employee Table 3: Employment Value Proposition (Source: Created by author) Sourcing effectiveness analysis In order to recruit talented people with the criteria required for fulfilling a job, it is needed that a proper job analysis and workforce planning is maintained (Donaldson, 2015). In the case of OZStyle4U, the company focuses on the growth as well as differentiation strategy in order to be innovative in the organisation. Therefore, the requirement of the applicants is high and extensive skill is required in order to survive in the organisation. However, it is to be kept in mind that the recruitment cost of the applicants will also be high, as skilled employees require more salary to be paid. One of the ways by which sourcing of such applicants can be done includes networking and social media. Chaneta (2014) stated that in the modern world the use of social media for advertising and hiring competent people is high. This is mainly because of the fact that internet is the main source of information for people. Hence, people post for job requirements in various portals in order to attract skilful and talented employees. OZStyle4U follows a similar pattern of sourcing. The company not only uses the formal job portals but also uses non-formal portals such as Facebook in order to communicate with talented employees. Apart from this, the use of online job boards can provide OZStyle4U with an opportunity to refine the search to areas in Hobart. The role of HR Manager can also be refined during the search while using this approach for recruiting people. The cost of hiring these people can also be less as compared to the formal hiring of individuals. Source Type of applicant Average speed Cost per hire Expected applicant quality Network and social media All Moderate High High Online job boards Active or semi-passive Moderate Low High Table 4: Source effectiveness analysis (Source: Created by author) Recruitment communication/advertisement In order to employ a talented individual as an HR Manager for the Hobart branch, OZStyle4U need to ensure that the image of the organisation is maintained in a proper manner. Breaugh (2017) stated that in order to recruit employees, it is important that a company maintain communication with the individuals. The communication is mainly done via advertisements posted on job portals and social media. The advertisement needs to be such that it provides a proper understanding of the workplace culture of the organisation. The ambience of the workplace along with the aims and objectives of an organisation is mentioned that highlights the desires of the organisation. In the case of OZStyle4U, the company provides the similar type of advertisement that helps in finding talented employees. Russell Brannan (2016) opined that the recruiting talented employees are an art that an organisation needs to perform in a manner that such that it defines its objectives. It is imperative to maintain a balance that between the ways by which every employee is treated. In the case of OZStyle4U, the company focuses on maintaining a great economic performance. This is mainly due to the work culture and the expansion that is aimed at the organisation. The aim of the company along with supportive work culture can attract talented employees. The fact that that the company provides intrinsic, as well as extrinsic benefits, can be considered as a strong point for the organisation. The brand image of the employer can also help in recruiting employees and help in gaining a realistic job applicant for the organisation. Table 5: Recruitment communication (Source: Created by author) Selection Assessment plan for HR Manager An assessment plan is formulated keeping in mind multiple criteria of a selection process. These methods are analysed in a systematic manner and the best method is selected by the application of trial and error method (Pocock Skinner, 2013). These various choices involved that help in recruiting and selecting specific talents. Some of the processes include resume analysis, panel interview and reference checking and simulation. The plan also consists of the competency of the employees. Employees are sorted based on the requirement of training and direct selection. In the light of this statement, it can be said that in the case of OZStyle4U, the organisation needs to ensure that every method of selection is applied in order to ensure a proper selection of the candidate. The position that OZStyle4U is trying to fulfil is that of the HR manager. Hence, it can be said that the use of reference checking can provide the basic characteristics of the employees. OZStyle4U however, need a further analysis of the compatibility of an individual in order to achieve the desired results. Porter (2001) stated that the next stage in the selection method is conducting a simulation as well as a panel interview. This helps in analysing the candidate in a more in-depth manner. This provides opportunities to analyse the candidate in a proper manner and understand the skills of the candidates. Characteristic Importance of characteristic to job performance Select (S) Train (T) Resume Simulation Panel Interview Reference checking Knowledge of finance 1 S 0.45 0.25 0.20 0.10 Knowledge of sales 1 S 0.10 0.45 0.30 0.15 Communicating ability 1 S 0.45 0.20 0.20 0.45 Analytical skills 1 S 0.30 0.45 0.15 0.10 Table 6: Assessment plan (Source: Created by author) Panel interview questions for HR Manager Panel interviews are conducted in order to analyse the talents and knowledge of an applicant. This interview process provides in-depth questioning of the candidates in order to test the responses of the candidates in terms of knowledge about the subject and the presence of mind (Lin, Yao Zhao (2014). However, it is to be kept in mind that the questions are asked based on the talents and subjects of the individuals. This is important in order to assess the knowledge of the candidate and provide them with an opportunity to extract the creative nature that is required for being successful in a business. In the case of OZStyle4U, the company needs to be certain about the type of questions that can be asked to the candidates applying for the role of HR Manager. Hitt et al., (2001) stated that open-ended questions often produce the best responses and consequently the best results for an organisation. It helps in asking the required questions and spot the candidates most suitable for condu cting the job. However, it is to be noted that the answers of each individual may vary. This is an expected outcome as without varied responses it can be difficult to analyse the individuals. The evaluation of the candidates can be done with the answers provided by them. Interview question Question type Selection criteria Answer Answer scoring What would you do if you wanted to increase sales target during the economic crisis? Situational Knowledge about the economy Excellent: I would create a sales plan team and a team that can analyse the external environment of business Good: I would analyse the current state of work progress Satisfactory: I would look at records of the past and compare it with the present conditions. 10 How will you respond to sudden changes in the priorities of a project? Behavioural Time management skills Excellent: I would delegate the jobs to the best people that are skilled to perform the job Good: I would assist my staffs after receiving the news Satisfactory: I would focus my attention entirely on the new tasks 9 How will you deal with staffs that are underperforming? Behavioural Encouragement and communication skills Excellent: I would have a personal communication with the staff and provide them counselling sessions Good: I would ensure that a mail is sent to them pointing to the failed state of work Satisfactory: I would be strict with the staff and give warning about the performance issues 9 Table 7: Panel interview questions (Source: Created by author) Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the selection methods that have been provided in the assignment can be effective in attracting a bunch of talented individuals. The unique characteristics of the recruitment and selection model can be valuable for candidates as they can gain new experiences. In a place like Hobart, analysing the tastes and preferences f the candidates is important in order to formulate innovative plans. A company like OZStyle4U, the use of growth and differentiation strategies can help the company to fulfil its desired objectives. The recruitment of a talented manager can help in developing confidence among the employees. Reference Breaugh, J. A. (2017). to Recruitment.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, 12. Chaneta, I. (2014). Recruitment and Selection.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,4(2), 289. Club, B. F. (2014). Recruitment and selection. Person Coller, X., Cordero, G., Echavarren, J. M. (2017). Recruitment and Selection. InPolitical Power in Spain(pp. 83-102). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Costen, W. M. (2012). Recruitment and Selection.The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management: Short Entries, 379-387. Donaldson, B. (2015). Recruitment and Selection. InSales Management(pp. 223-241). Palgrave, London. El-sakka, N., (2016). The Relationship Between Person-Organization Fit, Burnout, and Turnover Intention Among CIC academic staff. The Business and Management Review, 7(2). Hitt, M., Bierman, L., Shimizu, K., Kochar, R. (2001). Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional service firms: A resource-based perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1328. Lin, Z., Yao, X. Zhao, Z. (2014), The direct and indirect impact of employee benefits on firm performance in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52: 476495. Newell, S. (2015). Recruitment and selection.Managing human resources: Personnel management in transition, 115-147. Parrotta, P., Pozzoli, D. Pytlikova, M. (2014). The nexus between labor diversity and firms innovation. Journal of Population Economies, 27(2), 303-364. Pocock, B. Skinner, N. (2013). Paid annual leave in Australia: Who gets it, who takes it and implications for worklife interference. Journal of Industrial Relations 55(5), 681-698. Porter, M. (2001), Strategy and the internet, Harvard Business Review,79(3) ,62-78 Rees, G., Rumbles, S. (2010). Recruitment and selection.Rees, G. and French, R. Leading, Managing and Developing People, 169-190. Russell, S., Brannan, M. J. (2016). Getting the Right People on the Bus: Recruitment, selection and integration for the branded organization.European Management Journal,34(2), 114-124. Searle, R. (2016). Recruitment and selection.Human Resource Management, A Critical Approach, 151-168.

The Corporate Takeover of American Farming Essay Example

The Corporate Takeover of American Farming Paper We are literally eating ourselves to death. For the first time in American history, the generations born after the baby boomers face a lower life expectancy than their parents did. This situation Is largely a result of a product that we cannot even eat until it has been processed into our food and drink supply. This food, plus a sedentary life-style, have caused an epidemic of obesity which has been on the rise in America for the past 30 years, increasing the rate of diabetes and other food- related Illnesses. Because of the method of farming, the use of chemical fertilizers, ND the supply of genetically modified seed for crops of corn and soy, we have plenty of cheap food available in the US, but this food comes a at a cost. It causes so many problems with our health that we would be much better off with a lower quantity of a higher quality substitute which we would call wholesome food. The primary Ingredient Is found In the most common element In our food supply: corn. Not the type of sweet corn that you eat off the cob in the summer-time, but an inedible corn that must be processed at high heat levels to be transformed into a starchy mess before any mammal can eat it. This corn product Is in our food and our sweetened soft drinks. It Is used as cattle feed because It Is cheap and readies the cows for market in a shorter time than the grass which cattle have naturally evolved to eat. It is in ready-made foods and soft drinks in the form of high fructose corn syrup. Another ingredient grown by US farmers is soybeans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Corporate Takeover of American Farming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Corporate Takeover of American Farming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Corporate Takeover of American Farming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These are also used to feed cattle and they wind up In two-thirds of all processed foods (Pollen p bib Corporations run the whole system to their ultimate benefit in the form of cheap feed and sweetener as inputs of production. Ethanol producers also benefit from the availably of cheap corn. This corn is farmed at a loss to farmers which the U. S. Government makes up for In the form of subsidies called deficiency payments. Without these subsidies, farmers would not be able to earn a living farming such a low-priced commodity. Thesis The modern corporation has taken over the farming industry. What we have, as a result, Is a near serfdom In the personage of farmers who must follow the rules that corporations set when they draft the Farm Bill. Corporate lobbyists control the production of corn and soy beans for their own benefit. We, as taxpaying citizens, subsidize a system of over-production and farm subsidies which only allow farmers to barely survive volcanically, while ultimately benefiting only the corporations who write the rules for their own game In the end. The result Is a diet which Is unhealthy for Americans to eat, causing obesity and a myriad of related health problems and farmers who have no say in the economics of agribusiness. Problem Because of the corporate control of farming In the United States, we are faced with a staggering set of problems which have no easy fix. Four corporations, Monsanto, DOD Chemical, Archer Daniels Midland, and the Cargill Group control the vast majority of the food supply (Wolf). One of every four Americans lived on a farm near OFF ten turn AT ten TNT century (Pollen 3 ) Nine, a Tarter could supply enough T feed his family and twelve others also. Today, less than two million people in the United States still farm. (ibid). Yet, they grow enough food to feed the entire population and then some. Today, in Iowa, what we used to call the Bread Basket of America, farmers grow nothing but corn and soy beans. Todays typical farm is so productive that it can feed 120 Americans (ibid). American farmers are the most productive of all humans in any civilization in history. But this productivity comes at a high cost to humans, animals, and the entire ecosystem. Because corn is so abundant and cheap, it is used in various forms in the American food supply. As stated above, this type of corn is inediblefor anyone or any animal. It must be processed and heated to a mush to make cattle feed and further processed to make liquid corn syrup. Cattle have evolved to eat grass, which they do for the first couple of years before they are shipped to feedlots where they re kept in crowded, inhumane conditions and fed this corn-based substance which fattens them up faster for slaughter. These conditions and food are so unhealthy for cattle that if they were fed it for another month before being shipped to the slaughterhouse, they would die (Wolf). Cattle are kept alive in these conditions by the use of powerful antibiotics. They are also given growth hormones so they will yield more meet. Cattle are raised on feed made from corn and are injected with antibiotics and growth hormones. We eat cattle, and therefore we eat the anti-biotic and growth hormones in our beef. We drink sodas and other soft drinks which are sweetened with corn syrup. So much of our food and drink supply are full of this corn product. Yet this corn-fed meat is less healthy for us, because it contains less omega-3 fatty acids and more saturated fat than comes from grass-fed cattle (Pollen p 75). Cafes?Concentrated Animal Feeding Operationsanother phrase for feedlots, have caused several problems in the ecosystem with their waste byproducts (Pollen, 67). A recent article in Mother Jones reported that meatpacking giant, Tyson Foods, would no longer by cattle which have been injected with the popular growth Armonk, Climax made by Merck pharmaceuticals. In a letter to their Cafes they cited concerns over animal welfare: there have been recent instances of cattle delivered for processing that have difficulty walking or are unable to move. (Philipp). This announcement is sending showplaces through the CAFE industry. China, Russia and the European Union, already ban imports of cattle where Climax has been used. In fact, China bans all beef from the U. S. And instead rely on supplies from Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Australia, and New Zealand (Philipp). The problem is manifold. The sots include higher rates of obesity than at any time in our history. Before the asss, when cattle were mostly grass fed, our meat was less fattening and more natural. We can still buy beef from grass-fed cattle, but the cost is nearly twice that of corn-fed beef. The cost of beef has gone down drastically in real terms over the past 30 years due to the abundant supply of cheap corn. Before our food supply changed to provide cheap beef, meat was a treat for most families. Today, the hamburgers we eat are kept cheap, and, as a result, we eat too much. The only people benefiting from his system are those who profit from corporations which run the system. Government policies, which are highly influenced by powerful lobbies of corporations wanly Duty corn, nave athletes ten economics AT Too supply In America Into a perverse system of over-production at any price paid at the grain elevators. Market forces are out of balance in terms of equity due to the fact that so few players determine corn prices, both in the commodities market at the Chicago Board of Trade, and at grain elevators themselves. (National Family Farm Coalition). Farmers are at the mercy of mega-corporations such as Monsanto which determine how much deed costs, what seeds will be available, what crops will be grown, and what prices will be paid. Ultimately, the only real benefactors of this system are a handful of huge corporations, the players who keep the system running for their own benefit. Other problems with the modern agribusiness system is genetically modified food products. A study done in 2010 revealed some disturbing effects of GM corn when fed to laboratory rats. The study found that the SMOG corn caused organ damage in the rats indicating that this could also present a danger to humans. The primary organs affected were the kidney and liver, both of which have the function of laminating toxins. In addition, some effects on heart, adrenal, spleen and blood cells were also frequently noted. Monsanto followed up with a crude 90 day study which, not surprisingly, found that the SMOG corn had no ill health effects. Scientists at JIBS had concluded stating data strongly suggests that these GM corn varieties induce a state of heptagonal toxicity and that these substances have never before been an integral part of the human or animal diet and therefore their health consequences for those who consume them, especially over long time periods are currently unknown (Miami). It wasnt always like this. Before World War II, more Americans worked farms and they planted a wide variety of crops. They also kept cattle which provided not only income from their sale to slaughter houses, but also manure which made a great fertilizer for farm land and preserve the nitrogen needed for growth for other crops. There were problems with erosion which became obvious during the dust bowl years of the sasss and which were addressed by the conservation corps to educate farmers to prevent erosion of the top soil . Crops were rotated to maintain a balance of essential ingredients for plant growth, especially nitrogen. Chemical redelivers were almost unheard of and they were not necessary because of the manure provided from cattle. During WI, ammonium nitrate was used for explosives. After the war there was an overabundance of ammonium nitrate which so happens to be a rich source of nitrogen. The use of ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer caused a huge increase in harvests which were guaranteed year after year, only affected by bad weather. The use of chemical fertilizer has eliminated the need for farmers to rotate crops with anything other than soy beans, which are the other leg of farm production and also used as high protein foods for livestock. The corn elevators are mostly owned by corporations now, not the farmer co-ops of yesteryear. In Iowa, the operators of the grain elevators will only buy corn and soybeans. So, the corporate owners of the elevators end up dictating not only the price of these commodities, but the type of commodities that farmers must plant. The price of corn falls whenever there is an abundant supply which has been the case in almost every year since Earl Butt, secretary of agriculture under the Nixon administration, changed farm policies that had been in effect from the time of the New Deal. By encouraging farmers to plant crops in every available piece of land they owned, Butt ensured an annoyance TOT I en result came at Just ten relent time politically following a sharp increase in food prices in 1973. Butt would later argue that he had done the right thing based on the fact that there is more food available now at lower prices than at any time in history. (Wolf). The US government subsidizes cheap corn by direct payment to farmers for the approximate difference between the cost of production and the price of corn in a given year. Thus, the only way for the farmers to arrive economically is to plant more and more corn. The perverse effect of this is that such overproduction only causes the price of corn to fall further and further the more that is produced and it is we the taxpayers who pay for the governments deficiency payments to farmers (ibid). But who really benefits from this whole twisted system of agricultural economics? The big corporations such as Cargill and Archer Daniels Midland, neither of whom sell directly to the public nor do they therefore have reason to answer to the public. Together both corporations buy the majority of he corn supply. They are what economists would call monopolists entities which corner the market on buying commodities and therefore have market power to control the price of a given commodity, such as corn and soybean at their grain elevators. This corn, as Pollen says in the Omnivores Dilemma, is less a food than an industrial raw material?and an abstraction. (Pollen, p 64) Proposed Solutions All sorts of horrible things are set into motion by our corn policies. This paper cannot cover the entire scope but keep in mind that cattle are fed this corn to fatten them p faster in crowded feed lots which are unsanitary. To keep the cattle from dying of disease before they can be slaughtered, the feed lot owners make sure they have plenty of antibiotics. Also, cattle evolved to eat grass, not corn. Many become ill due to an inability to digest the enormous quantities of corn they are fed. We eat this meat full of antibiotics and extracted from unhealthy cattle all so that we can have cheap hamburgers. The only way to change this perversion of nature is by paying careful attention to what we consume including fast food and even much of what can be found at a typical grocery store. Still, there remain cattle which are grass fed and yield much leaner meat. This meat is more expensive, but if enough consumers want it, it is possible that enough could be supplied to bring down the price. This is one way of eliminating our dependence on unhealthy corn. Other ways of influencing farm policy, include keeping track of the voting records of U. S. Assembly members and senators, writing and calling them, and organizing or supporting grass roots organizations which address the Farm Bill and the lobbying that the few corporations do to get their version passed annually. A situation where we see a return to regular farming, where a variety of crops are grown besides corn and soy beans, where cattle are raised on grass, and where more of the population returns to working farms is not likely. There are, however, some who are farming small plots of organic vegetation to feed their families with high-quality food. The ways that our food industry works can be changed with effort and organization among voters, who are the very consumers affected by the Farm Bill. Because the Farm Bill is actually written by lobbyists for Monsanto, DOD, Archers-Midland, and Cargill, a solution lies UT of reach through their representatives for most Americans. These corporations Duty ten congress tongue Notations wanly assures teen AT tenet approval AT can and every item in the Farm Bill. Because of Citizens-United, these moneyed-interests are assured an unlimited amount of free-speech in the form of unlimited corporate donations. This is the one issue that will require years to change, but there are movements now to persuade congress to legislate Citizens United out of existence as the law of the land. However, most are pessimistic about the chances of that happening while the Roberts Court is still around. A Call for Action Public education should be encouraged to reveal the results of our farm policy. By making information readily available concerning agric-business and Smogs, demand for such food can change and a preference for healthy, naturally grown food can be realized. This is already happening among consumers who shop for organic foods at farmers markets around the country and among grass-roots political organizations which have as part of their goals the labeling of GM foods. The presence of chain stores selling healthy food indicates there is strong enough demand to start hanging the market and working for a healthier America. Because of the power that corporations wield, the only way for consumers to change the food industry is through banding together, getting organized, and becoming involved politically. There is hope for change because ultimately what is supplied in the market is what consumers demand. Americans have changed their consumption of beef in the past few decades from an average of about 80 pounds per person annually, vs.. About 130 pounds in the mid-sasss (Philipp). That means that the big meat packers have had to rely on exports for profit growth. As consumers, we ultimately have the power to change demand. It is clear that demand for beef is elastic in relation to the price of beef. This is because there are substitutes. We can eat chicken, pork, or become vegetarians. It is up to us what we consume. Also, since ready-made foods usually have some corn product in their ingredients, it would be healthier to skip the convenience of these foods and return to fresh food preparation and cooking. Conclusion The situation with the food supply in the U. S. Is complex and perverse. Farming is no longer the function of the typical American, nor is it recognizable when compared tit the type of agriculture upon which humans have relied upon for 5,000 years. In the last half of the 20th century agriculture grew into agribusiness and in the last 30 years, into the domain of corporations which have only their financial bottom line in mind. Farmers now must follow the dictates of a handful of corporations. These behemoths determine what crops will be grown and at what price. The farmer really has no choice. Because of the corporate influence on congress, these corporations hold all the cards. Corporate lobbyists write the Farm Bill which determines Farm policy for the next five years until it is renewed again. The passage of the aspects of the Farm Bill which these lobbyists write are routinely approved by congress. Their approval is assured by campaign contributions and outright bribery. The resulting state of the farm, and farmers is not far off from the relationship between feudal lords and the serfs who farmed their land. The difference exists is that farmers are allowed to own their land but, in terms of choices, that is where the difference ends. The price of corn is kept so low that farmers operate at a loss.

Alzheimer#8217;s Disease Essay

Alzheimer#8217;s Disease Essay Alzheimers disease is a progressive disease of the human brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and a disturbance in at least one other thinking function (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). When we hear about Alzheimers disease we automatically think of older people. This is because this disease most often occurs in adults after the age of 65. Statistics show that one in eight individuals will have Alzheimers after they reach age 65 (Cavanaugh Blanchard-Fields, 2002). Alzheimers disease is a form of dementia, which is any medical condition that affects the brain (Cavanaugh Blanchard-Fields, 2002). A diagnosis of Alzheimers is said to be a diagnosis by exclusion (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). This means that there is no certain test just for Alzheimers, but many tests that rule out other diseases. The early stages deal with shorts of this include forgetting to turn off the stove, forgetting what medications were taken in a particular day, or forgetting which medications need to be taken. As the disease progresses there is more visibility in the declines in abstract thinking and intellectual function development (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). As the disease enters the final stages, individuals become very confused and disorientated. At this point the individuals health status has become severely deteriorated and this can cause them to develop pneumonia or other illnesses that may lead to death. Consequently, most people do not die from Alzheimers, but other health related problems. Alzheimers disease can last anywhere from six to eight years, however it can be present without obvious symp toms for two to twenty years. The on-set of Alzheimers disease is very slow (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). There are many factors that play a role in the cause of Alzheimers disease. This disease is also genetic- a person that has family members with the disease possesses an increased chance of being diagnosed with Alzheimers also. This disease supposedly caused by many effects on the brain. A mutation of a single gene is one condition that is found in the brain of Alzheimers patients (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). There are also proteins in the brain that are linked to Alzheimers. They are the amyloid precursor and two presenilins, (Bronstein Pulst, 2003) which are responsible in the early on-set of the disease (Brzyska Elbaum, 2003). The number one indicator of Alzheimers is a gene called apolipoproteinE (apoE). There are three forms of this gene. ApoE 4 is the one that is most closely related to Alzheimers sufferers. This gene is inherited and when a child receives two of them, one from each parent. As a result, the childs chances of developing the disease are largely increased. ApoE2 is another form of the gene but this one takes on the opposite route this gene decreases one’s chances of getting Alzheimer’s disease. There are not many prevention methods for Alzheimers; its a genetic disease, and it also depends on how your genes react to our environment. It has been thought that drinking out of aluminum cans can cause Alzheimers, but this has been proven to now be false. Many scientists believe that Alzheimers disease occurs from an increase in the production of a specific protein, beta amyloid, which leads to nerve cell death (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). Although there is no cure for Alzheimers disease, there are treatments that prolong the individual’s awareness and memory. Their medications can be taken in the early stages to minimize memory loss that the patient is experiencing. One drug that has a positive effect is tacrine, a drug that is used to increase acetylcholine, which helps to improve memory (Cavanaugh Blanchard-Fields, 2002). Patients are also given anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medicines to address their mood (Cavanaugh Blanchard-Fields, 2002). These drugs are called chiolinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs); the FDA has approved them for the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Along with tacrine, aricept is another drug that is commonly used and found to be very successful in delaying the effects of Alzheimers. These drugs have been found to help patients in most cases, but genetics dictate that each case is different; signs and symptoms for Alzheimers vary for each patient. These drugs are most effective when used in the earliest stages of the disease. When a patient is taking these drugs, doctors should not prescribe more than one because there are too many side effects when in taken in combination. Alzheimer sufferers do not have to take these medicines for their whole life, but when they are experiencing withdrawals from them they have to be monitored. There are four principle disturbances in Alzheimers disease. They are agitation, depression, psychosis, and anxiety. Agitation occurs in about 70% of patients and is more common as the disease gets worse (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). To calm a patient’s agitation doctors often prescribe them antipsychotic drugs. Psychosis is common among Alzheimers patients also, but not as often, occurring in about 50 % of cases. In another 50 % of the cases we find them suffering from depressionusually a mild depression that is treated with antidepressants. Anxiety is the last principle disturbance that is found in Alzheimers and it occurs in about 40-50 % of cases. Most patients do not require medication to treat their anxiety (Bronstein Pulst, 2003). Finally, one last effect that may occur from time to time in the course of Alzheimers disease is difficulty sleeping. There is not yet a cure for this disease but with all the continued research, hopefully in the future, researchers will find one. Having the knowledge about the brain and its abnormalities that occur with this disease will provide physicians with more treatment and maybe a cure. According to Bronstein and Pulst animal testing such as immunization of beta-amyloid antibodies have been showing very promising results in the next step for a cure. The reason I choose to research this disease is because my grandmother is currently ailing from it. She is eighty-seven years old and along with some other health problems, Alzheimers disease has become a major concern. She is well into the latent stages of the disease, but the disease has not completely overtaken her. However, there are many things that the disease has done to her normal capabilities. When my family first noticed that she was becoming more and more forgetful, we did not think much about it. As the disease progressed, we became more concerned for her safety. My grandmother takes medications for her other illnesses, and like most other Alzheimer patients she was starting to forget to take them. My grandmother also drove up until her later years, which was not a safe idea for her or other drivers on the road. She once got lost and we had to go out searching for her. A major tragedy was averted after we had to call the police and she was discovered after she backed her car into the side of her home. When confronting her on with these situations, she was able to make up excuses or she just easily denied that she did that. She is not yet in the stage where she forgets who we are, but she does need to be reminded from time to time. The one good thing about my grandmother’s condition is that she is now aware that there is a problem. A conversation with my grandma consists of a lot of repeating. Some times she will catch herself asking the same questions and her famous quote is, my thinker is a stinker. One thing that I do notice in my grandmother that coincides with my research is that a majority of her forgetfulness is short-term memory loss. When asking my grandmother about her childhood, or how she met my grandfather, she remembers it like it was yesterday. Not only does my grandmother have other health-related problems, she also lived alone for a while and has fallen causing great injury to her body. The worst occurrence of this happening is when she once fell in her kitchen and broke her hip. At this point in her life, she was more disorientated than ever. We now have a nurse that stays with her to make sure that she is safe, but this is another issue for her because she feels that there is a stranger in her house. Alzheimers is an intimidating and threatening disease. Possessing the knowledge that I now have is an advantage in being a preventable measure for me. Being that this disease is genetic, my chances of having it are increased. Knowing all of this information about it will help me in the future to be able to detect it early so I can take the proper course of action that will delay the progression of this disease for me. If tragedy ever should strike, by then, hopefully, more curable treatments will exist.

Importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in hazard Essay

Importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in hazard mitigation and preparedness planning - Essay Example They need help to successfully accomplish their mission. â€Å"To develop a better emergency management effort at the level of county emergency management agencies, these agencies must be equipped with tools that help them to overcome their resource shortfalls† (Drabek, 1990). These tools must allow them to not only reach information about the geographical, geophysical, and socioeconomic characteristics of their county, but also to determine, visualize, and analyze the possible extent of disasters. â€Å"Efficient management of potential risks can only be accomplished if the emergency managers are aware of the extent of the possible effects of disasters. Such tools can be developed to act as a decision support system for emergency management agencies, through the use of a geographic information system (GIS)† (Fulcher, 1995). Disaster management consists of various cyclical phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Because each phase is geographically related to where people, places, and things are spatially located, GIS can be a valuable tool for analysis purposes throughout each cycle. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) classifies overall emergency management into four categories: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. â€Å"Mitigation can be described as the efforts that reduce the degree of long-term risk to human life and property from natural and man-made hazards† (Ciglar, 1988). Preparedness is the activities that develop operational capabilities for responding to an emergency. Response covers the efforts taken immediately before, during, or directly after an emergency that save lives, minimize property damage, or improve recovery. Recovery includes the activities that restore vital life-support systems to minimum operating standards and long-term activities that return life to normal. Each of the 50 states has its